“Situational Awareness (SA) refers to the degree of accuracy
by which one's perception of his current environment mirrors reality.” (Naval Aviation Schools Command, 2012)
SA is a critical component in the effective decision making process,
containing the data necessary to comprehend an environment (Endsley,
1988). SA, is composed of three components (i.e., levels), which include: (a) perception, (b) comprehension, and (c) projection (Endsley, 1988). SA originates with the perception of environmental elements, using displays or personal senses (Endsley & Connors, 2008). If any of these components are diminished (i.e., perception or comprehension), the accuracy of the following component (i.e., comprehension or projection) will also be diminished.
SA reflects the amount of data a user has and is able to interpret at
any given moment in time. Improving a user’s SA, while
operating a vehicle, results in an overall improvement in performance,
potentially decreases risk to the operational hardware, and increases
operational efficiency. Limiting an operator’s SA through diminished sensory input, results in a less accurate model of the operating environment. Less accuracy of an environment model reflects reduced or incorrect SA, which increases the potential for mishap or accidents (Hing, Sevcik, & Oh, 2009; Menda, Hing, Ayaz, Shewokis, Izzetoglu, Onaral, & Oh, 2011).
REFERENCES
Endsley, M.R. (1988). Situational awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT). Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, Dayton, OH, 3, 789 - 795. doi:10.1109/NAECON.1988.195097
Endsley, M.R., & Connors, E.S. (2008, August 12). Situation awareness: State of the art. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Pittsburgh, PA, 1-4. doi:10.1109/PES.2008.4596937
Hing, J., Sevcik, K., & Oh, P. (2010). Development and evaluation of a chase view for UAV operations in cluttered environments. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 57, 485-503.
Menda, J., Hing, J.T., Ayaz, H., Shewokis, P.A., Izzetoglu, K., Onaral, B. & Oh, P. (2011). Optical brain imaging to enhance UAV operator training, evaluation, and interface development. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 61, 423–443. doi 10.1007/s10846-010-9507-7
Naval Aviation School Command (2012). Situational awareness. Retrieved from https://www.netc.navy.mil/nascweb/crm/standmat/seven_skills/SA.htm
Endsley, M.R., & Connors, E.S. (2008, August 12). Situation awareness: State of the art. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, Pittsburgh, PA, 1-4. doi:10.1109/PES.2008.4596937
Hing, J., Sevcik, K., & Oh, P. (2010). Development and evaluation of a chase view for UAV operations in cluttered environments. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 57, 485-503.
Menda, J., Hing, J.T., Ayaz, H., Shewokis, P.A., Izzetoglu, K., Onaral, B. & Oh, P. (2011). Optical brain imaging to enhance UAV operator training, evaluation, and interface development. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 61, 423–443. doi 10.1007/s10846-010-9507-7
Naval Aviation School Command (2012). Situational awareness. Retrieved from https://www.netc.navy.mil/nascweb/crm/standmat/seven_skills/SA.htm
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